Historic Scripts

James Butler Hickok ( Wild Bill Hickok )

2010-06-06T14:25:00.000-07:00

James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 – August 2, 1876), better known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a figure in the American Old West. His skills as a gunfighter and scout, along with his reputation as a lawman, provided the basis for his fame, although some of his exploits are fictionalized. His nickname of Wild Bill has inspired similar nicknames for men known for their daring in various fields.

Hickok came to the West as a stagecoach driver, then became a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. He fought in theUnion Army during the American Civil War, and gained publicity after the war as a scout, marksman, and professional gambler. Between his law-enforcement duties and gambling, which easily overlapped, Hickok was involved in several notable shootouts, and was ultimately killed while playing poker in a Dakota Territory saloon.

I see that himself as joined in US 7th Cavalry the last stand of the man which left his men behind. I am impressed it was him which I wasn't surprised. And where he comes from as farmer raised by his father in hard working.

Hickok was born in Homer, Illinois (what is now Troy Grove) on May 27, 1837. His birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial, a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. While he was growing up, his father's farm was one of the stops on the Underground Railroad, and he learned his shooting skills protecting the farm with his father from slave catchers. Hickok was a good shot from a very young age and recognized locally as an outstanding marksman with a pistol.^[1]

In 1855, at the age of 18, Hickok moved to Kansas Territory following a fight with Charles Hudson, which resulted in both falling into a canal. Mistakenly thinking he had killed Hudson, Hickok fled and joined General Jim Lane's vigilante "Free State Army" (The Red Legs) where he met 12-year-old William Cody, later to be known as "Buffalo Bill," who at that time was a scout for Johnston's Army.^[2]

Because of his "sweeping nose and protruding upper lip," Hickok was nicknamed "Duck Bill."^[3] In 1861, after growing a mustache following the McCanles incident, he began calling himself Wild Bill.^[4] Despite all Hickok photographs indicating he had dark hair, all contemporary descriptions confirm he was in fact golden blonde. Reddish shades in hair appeared black in early wet and dry plate photography.^[5]

For unknown reasons, Hickok used the name William Hickok from 1858 and then William Haycock during the Civil War. Arrested as Haycock in 1865, he then resumed his real name of James Hickok. Interestingly, most newspapers continued to use the name William Haycock when referring to "Wild Bill" until 1869 despite military records after 1865 using his correct name while acknowledging he was also known as Haycock.^[6]^[7]

When the Civil War broke out in April 1861, Hickok signed on as a teamster for the Union Army in Sedalia, Missouri, and by the end of the year he was a wagonmaster. In September 1862 he was discharged for an undisclosed reason and there are no records of his whereabouts until late 1863, when he was employed by the Provost Marshal of South-West Missouri as a member of the Springfield detective police. It has been speculated that during the "missing year", Hickok may have been operating as a spy in Southern territory.

Hickok's duties as a police detective were mostly mundane and included counting the number of troops in uniform drinking while on duty, checking hotel liquor licenses and tracking down individuals in debt to the Union to facilitate repayment. In 1864 Hickok and the other detectives had not been paid for some time, and Hickok either resigned or was reassigned as he was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn at five dollars a day plus a horse and equipment. In June 1865, Hickok was mustered out and spent his time in and around Springfield gambling.^[10]

^{In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for City Marshal of Springfield. Leaving Springfield, he was recommended for the position of Deputy United States Marshal at Fort Riley Kansas. This was at the time of the Indian Wars that counted the Great Plains as a battleground, and Hickok sometimes served as a scout for George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry.^[2]}

7th Cavalry Regiment (United States)

The 7th Cavalry Regiment is a United States Army cavalry regiment, whose lineage traces back to the mid-19th century. Its official nickname is "Garryowen", in honor of the Irish drinking song Garryowen that was adopted as its march tune.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)

In December 1867, newspapers reported Hickok's arrival in Hays, Kansas. On 28 March 1868, he was again in Hays as a deputy U.S. Marshall, picking up 11 Union deserters charged with stealing government property to be transferred to Topeka for trial. He requested a military escort from Fort Hays and was assigned William F. Cody, a sergeant and five privates, with the group arriving in Topeka on 2 April. Hickok was still in Hays in August 1868 when he brought 200 Cheyenne to Hays to be viewed by excursionists. On September 1, Hickok was in Elkhorn township in Lincoln County, Kansas, where he was hired as a scout by the 10th Calvary Regiment, a segregated African-American unit. On 4 September, Hickok was wounded in the foot while rescuing several cattlemen in the Bijou Creek Basin who were surrounded by Indians. The 10th arrived at Fort Lyon, Colorado, in October and remained for the rest of 1868.^[19]

10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)

The 10th Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army. Formed as a segregated African-American unit, the 10th Cavalry was one of the original "Buffalo Soldier" regiments. It served in combat during the Indian Wars in the western United States, the Spanish-American War in Cuba and in the Philippine-American War. It was the only African-American unit under American command that fought German soldiers (advisors) in World War I. The regiment was trained as a combat unit but later relegated to non-combat duty and served in that capacity in World War II until its deactivation in 1944.

The 10th Cavalry was reactivated as an integrated combat unit in 1958. Portions of the regiment have served in conflicts ranging from the Vietnam War to the current Iraq War. The current structure is by squadron, with the 1st, 4th, and 7th Squadrons assigned to three brigades of the U.S. 4th Infantry Division at Ft Carson, Colorado.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)

Death

Wild Bill had a premonition that Deadwood would be his last camp and expressed this belief to his friend Charlie Utter (also known as Colorado Charlie), and the others who were traveling with them at the time.^[38] He was right; he would not leave Deadwood alive.

On August 2, 1876, Hickok was playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. 10 in Deadwood, in the Black Hills, Dakota Territory. On this fateful day Wild Bill violated one of his own cardinal rules and was sitting with his back to a door. Twice he asked Rich to change seats with him and on both occasions Rich refused.

Wild Bill was having a run of bad luck that day and was forced to borrow a poker stake from the bartender. That run of bad luck worsened when an ex-buffalo hunter called John (“Broken Nose Jack”) McCall walked in unnoticed. Jack McCall walked to within a few feet of Wild Bill and then suddenly drew a pistol and shouted, “Take that!” before firing.

The bullet hit Hickok in the back of the head, killing him instantly. The bullet emerged through Wild Bill’s right cheek striking Captain Massie in the left wrist. Legend has it that Hickok had lost his stake and had just borrowed $50 from the house to continue playing. When shot, he was holding a pair of aces and a pair of eights, all black. The fifth card is debated, or, as some say, had been discarded and its replacement had not yet been dealt.^[39]

^{He got killed by shot in the poker game from to continue playing. When shot He was holding the cards ( the pairs of eights) You can see below. That is called Poker Death for Wild Bill in the end.}

^{He made himself a note when he knows some bullet would hit him and he made himself a promise during death he spoke,}

Shortly before Hickok's death, he wrote a letter to his new wife, which reads in part: "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wife — Agnes — and with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore."

The picture of Agnes Lake Hickok, His wife.

^{With all love,}

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Bill_Hickok

The Bortz Family

2010-06-05T01:15:00.000-07:00

I've learned about what I found in the Family Tree... I found myself as Asian is fanatic ! The Bortz Family what I see is missing between Elmer had a daughter named Evelyn and born in Chongqing, Chongqing Shiqu, Chongqing, China . The map will be showing as the image Map here.

That is where family begin with from China and went through Germany as My suspenses of escaping because of their laws ? I will find out more through my granduncle. He comes from Gularsky side of the family tree. They came from with Poland which sound like Swedish with the last name. My grandmother told me where some of our family came from as Polish. I am surprised that we are part of Asian which my grand-grandmother Evelyn is Asian because her father is from China. But why went to Germany. I am not quality sure yet but to find out more and learn about my family and makes me a person who I want to know where my family came from and becomes in me as I am part of where they came from. Never been disappointed where I came from. I am happy to be born and survives through all the history they begin with and came from. I see that my family lost the track of the line after 1650's. They came in America in about year of 1739 and start spreading the trees in America and I am glad to be American because I born where I came from.

I have not found the picture of my family in the history but forwarding the history according in China is lot interesting and their cultures. Asian living as in China and their Empire believes and things like their ways I am surprised of what The Bortz Family comes from as I been thinking about but not sure yet.

Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers both along the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in theNeolithic era. Also, the Yellow River is to be said as the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. The written history of China can be found as early as the Shang Dynasty (ca. 1700 BCE – ca. 1046 BCE).^[1] Oracle Bones with ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty have been carbon dated to as early as 1500 BCE.^[2] The origins of Chinese culture, literature and philosophy, developed during the Zhou Dynasty (1045 BCE to 256 BCE).

The Zhou Dynasty began to bow to external and internal pressures in the 8th century BCE. The ability of the Zhou to control its regional lords lessened, and the kingdom eventually broke apart into individual smaller states, beginning in the Spring and Autumn Period and reaching full expression in the Warring States period. In 221 BCE, Qin Shi Huang united the various warring kingdoms and created the first Chinese empire. Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the Emperor of China to directly control vast territories.

The conventional view of Chinese history is that of a dynasty alternating between periods of political unity and disunity and occasionally becoming dominated by other inner Asian peoples, most of whom were in turn assimilated into the Han Chinesepopulation. Cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia, carried by successive waves of immigration, expansion, andcultural assimilation, are part of the modern culture of China.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_China

I hope the video works out for you and get idea what China looks like and their countries look interesting . But their laws are way different than America where I born in America but I am part of Asian and Of course I am proud to be. Also Being Native American, That what I am a Blackfoot, Polish, Asian, Cherokee and bit of Germany because of my father. That is why I am attractive to the Historic.

With all the love,

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

History About David Crockett

2010-06-03T21:41:00.000-07:00

David Crockett (August 17, 1786 – March 6, 1836) was a celebrated 19th-century American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier and politician. He is referred to in popular culture as Davy Crockett and after the 1950s by the epithet “King of the Wild Frontier.” He representedTennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives, served in the Texas Revolution, and died at the Battle of the Alamo.

Crockett grew up in East Tennessee, where he gained a reputation for hunting and storytelling. After being elected to the rank of colonel in the militia of Lawrence County, Tennessee, he was elected to the Tennessee state legislature in 1821. In 1826, Crockett was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. Congressman Crockett vehemently opposed many of the policies of President Andrew Jackson, most notably the Indian Removal Act. Crockett's opposition to Jackson's policies led to his defeat in the 1834 elections, prompting his angry departure to Texas shortly thereafter. In early 1836, Crockett took part in the Texas Revolution and was killed at the Battle of the Alamo in March.

Crockett became famous in his own lifetime for larger-than-life exploits popularized by stage plays and almanacs. After his death, he continued to be credited with brazen acts of mythical proportion. These led in the 20th century to television and movie portrayals, and he became one of the most well-known American folk heroes.^[1]^[2]

I see that David Crockett in the picture as himself came over and stand last man to got killed in

the battle of the Alamo, He came over to fought and last stand to be killed. Which Deaf Smith

was held by the Alamo and got out as he survive and David was held to be killed. I am surprised

what history came in the almost similar with between their historic.

Where He came from, Where he grew up in...

David Crockett was born near the Nolichucky River in what is now Greene County, Tennessee.^[3] A replica of his birthplace cabin stands inDavy Crockett Birthplace State Park on the Nolichucky River near Limestone, Tennessee.^[4] The Crockett family derived their name fromMonsieur de la Croquetagne, a captain in the Royal Guard of French King Louis XIV.^[5] The family converted to Protestantism and asHuguenots fled France in the 17th century, settling in the north of Ireland. Family tradition says that David Crockett's father was born on the voyage to America from Ireland, though in fact Crockett's great-grandfather, William David Crockett, was registered as having been born inNew Rochelle, New York in 1709.^[6]

Commemorative stone

David Crockett was the fifth of nine children of John and Rebecca (Hawkins) Crockett. He was named after his paternal grandfather, who was killed in 1777 at his home near today's Rogersville, Tennessee, by Indians led by Dragging Canoe.^[7] Crockett's father was one of the Overmountain Men who fought in the Battle of Kings Mountain during the American Revolutionary War. The Crocketts moved to Morristown, Tennessee, in the 1790s and built a tavern there. A museum stands on the site and is housed in a reconstruction of the tavern.^[8]

Texas Revolution

By December, 1834, Crockett was writing to friends about moving to Texas if Van Buren were elected President. The next year he discussed with his friend Benjamin McCulloch raising a company of volunteers to take to Texas in the expectation that a revolution was imminent.^[20] After the election results became known in August, his departure to Texas was delayed by a court appearance in the last week of October as co-executor of his deceased father-in-law’s estate, and he finally left his home near Rutherford in West Tennessee on Nov. 1, 1835, with three other men to explore Texas.^[21] His youngest child, Matilda, later wrote that she distinctly remembered the last time she saw her father: "He was dressed in his hunting suit, wearing a coonskin cap, and carried a fine rifle presented to him by friends in Philadelphia . . . He seemed very confident the morning he went away that he would soon have us all to join him in Texas."^[22]

From his home he traveled to Jackson, arriving there with 30 well-armed men, where he gave a speech from the steps of the Madison County courthouse, and then rode southwest to Bolivar, where he spent the night at residence of Dr. Calvin Jones, once again drawing crowds who sent him off the next morning.^[23] He arrived in Memphis in the second week of November with a much-diminished company, and ferried over the Mississippi River the next day and continued his journey on horseback through Arkansas.^[24]

On Nov. 12, 1835, Crockett and his entourage arrived in Little Rock, Arkansas. The local newspapers reported that hundreds of people swarmed into town to get a look at Crockett, and a group of leading citizens put on a dinner in his honor that night at the Jeffries Hotel. Crockett spoke “mainly to the subject of Texan independence,” as well as Washington politics.^[25]

He arrived in Nacogdoches, Texas, in early January 1836. On January 14, 1836, Crockett and 65 other men signed an oath before Judge John Forbes to the Provisional Government of Texas for six months: "I have taken the oath of government and have enrolled my name as a volunteer and will set out for the Rio Grande in a few days with the volunteers from the United States." Each man was promised about 4,600 acres (19 km²) of land as payment. He also sold two rifles to Colonel O'Neal for $60. (After his death there was a claim for his heirs for $57.50. In 1854 his widow received a payment certificate for $24.00 from Texas.) On February 6, Crockett and about five other men rode into San Antonio de Bexar and camped just outside the town. They were later greeted by James Bowie and Antonio Menchaca, and taken to the home of Don Erasmo Seguin.

Crockett arrived at the Alamo on February 8.^[26] To the surprise of the men garrisoned in the Alamo, on February 23, a Mexican army, led by General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, arrived. The Mexican soldiers immediately initiated a siege.^[27]^[28] Santa Anna ordered his artillery to keep up a near-constant bombardment. The guns were moved closer to the Alamo each day, increasing their effectiveness. On February 25, 200–300 Mexican soldiers crossed the San Antonio River and took cover in abandoned shacks approximately 90 yards (82 m) to 100 yards (91 m) from the Alamo walls.^[29]^[30] The soldiers intended to use the huts as cover to establish another artillery position, although many Texians assumed that they actually were launching an assault on the fort.^[31] Several men volunteered to burn the huts.^[32] To provide cover, the Alamo cannons fired grapeshot at the Mexican soldiers, and Crockett and his men fired rifles, while other defenders reloaded extra weapons for them to use in maintaining a steady fire. Within two hours, the battle was over,^[31] and the Mexican soldiers retreated.^[33] Inside the Alamo, the stores of powder and shot were limited. On February 26, Travis ordered the artillery to stop returning fire so as to conserve precious ammunition. Crockett and his men were encouraged to keep shooting, as they were unusually effective.^[34]

As the siege progressed, Alamo commander William Barret Travis sent many messages asking for reinforcements. Several messengers were sent to James Fannin, who commanded the only other official group of Texian soldiers. Fannin and several hundred Texians occupied Presidio La Bahia at Goliad. Although Fannin ultimately decided it was too risky to attempt to reinforce the Alamo, historian Thomas Ricks Lindley concludes that up to 50 of Fannin's men left his command to go to Bexar.^[35] These men would have reached Cibolo Creek, 35 miles (56 km) from the Alamo, on the afternoon of March 3. There they joined another group of men who also planned to join the garrison.^[36]

That same night, outside the Alamo, there was a skirmish between Mexican and Texian troops.^[37] Several historians, including Walter Lord, speculated that the Texians were creating a diversion to allow their last courier, John Smith, to evade Mexican pickets.^[38] However, in 1876, Alamo survivor Susannah Dickinson said that Travis sent three men out shortly after dark on March 3, probably a response to the arrival of Mexican reinforcements. The three men, who included Crockett, were sent to find Fannin.^[39] Lindley stated that just before midnight, Crockett and one of the other men found the force of Texians waiting along Cibolo Creek, who had advanced to within 20 miles (32 km) of the Alamo. Just before daylight on March 4, part of the Texian force managed to break through the Mexican lines and enter the Alamo. A second group was driven across the prairie by Mexican cavalry.^[40]

The Fall of the Alamo by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk depicts Davy Crockett swinging his rifle at Mexican troops who have breached the south gate of the mission.

The siege ended on March 6, when the Mexican army attacked just before dawn while the defenders were sleeping. The daily bombardment by artillery had been suspended, perhaps a ploy to encourage the natural human reaction to a cessation of constant strain. But the garrison awakened and the final fight began. Most of the noncombatants gathered in the church sacristy for safety. According to Dickinson, before running to his post, Crockett paused briefly in the chapel to say a prayer.^[41] When the Mexican soldiers breached the north outer walls of the Alamo complex, most of the Texians fell back to the barracks and the chapel, as previously planned.^[42] Crockett and his men were too far from the barracks to take shelter.^[43] and were the last remaining group in the mission to be in the open. The men defended the low wall in front of the church, using their rifles as clubs and relying on knives, as the action was too furious to allow reloading. After a volley and a charge with bayonets, Mexican soldiers pushed the few remaining defenders back toward the church.^[44]The Battle of the Alamo lasted almost 90 minutes.^[45]

Once all of the defenders had been killed, Santa Anna ordered his men to take the bodies to a nearby stand of trees where they were stacked together and wood piled on top.^[46] That evening, a fire was lighted and the bodies of the defenders were burned to ashes.^[47]

A coffin in the San Fernando Cathedralpurports to hold the ashes of the Alamo defenders. However, historians believe it more probable that the ashes were buried near the Alamo.

The ashes were left undisturbed until February 1837, when Juan Seguin and his cavalry returned to Bexar to examine the remains. A local carpenter created a simple coffin, and ashes from the funeral pyres were placed inside. The names of Travis, Crockett, and Bowie were inscribed on the lid.^[48] The coffin is thought to have been buried in a peach tree grove, but the spot was not marked and can no longer be identified.^[49]

When David Crockett came in with his team and had them

beaten the Alamo less about 15 seconds or more since

Deaf Smith came fought them for three days... It is really

what cause them gave up the state of Texas from the Alamo because of David Crockett.

Now you know how Texas was owned by the Mexican and the Texaian Army came with and

not aware of winning until David Crockett , people wanted him to become as an political and he

declined but had no choices to came in the battle and in end he got killed as last man he

got whole the Alamos signed to give up Texas before his end of the life he risked to give.

That is really amaze history than Tombstone . Forward I liked Tombstone story is because of

how fighting as define what battle stands for a our rights , our freedom, our life as we need to

know what is happening in the America is because we are american.

Thank you for reading .

With all the love,

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

^{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davy_Crockett}

Erastus "Deaf" Smith

2010-06-03T00:21:00.000-07:00

Erastus "Deaf" Smith (April 19, 1787– November 30, 1837) was an American frontiersman noted for his part in the Texas Revolution and the army of the Republic of Texas. He fought at the Grass Fight and the Battle of San Jacinto. After the war, Deaf Smith led a company of Texas Rangers.

I found it interesting about himself as deaf which he joined in army in Texas imagine that, He fought with Grass Fight and the Battle of the San Jacinto would be coming from the location of California. After he made an history, he got some company of the Texas Rangers that lead a hero himself what people calls him as Fort Deaf Smith.

Shows the map where San Jacinto is in Califorina.

What the profile shows who he is and where he comes from, Smith was born in Dutchess County, New York. He was the son of Chilab and Mary Smith. In 1798, his family moved to near Natchez,Mississippi, where the Grand Gulf Nuclear Generating Station is currently located. He came to Texas in 1821 for health reasons but returned to Natchez in 1822. His health apparently recovered except for a partial loss of hearing, hence the nickname "Deaf" Smith, pronounced "Deef Smith." Smith, also known as "El Sordo," appeared in many areas of Mexican Texas and was in most significant actions related to development of the region both under Mexico and during evolution of independence. At San Jose Mission, he introduced a fine stock of Muley cattle from Louisiana to the San Antonio area, where the Longhorn breed was previously popular. He used San Antonio de Bexar as a base. Smith's family lived at the southwest corner of Presa and Nueva Streets in San Antoinio de Bexar.

And where Army He ran into,

Texian Army

Even as many Texas settlers formed an army and marched on San Antonio de Bexar, Smith originally intended to remain neutral. He changed his mind after the Texian Army, led byStephen F. Austin, initiated a siege of Bexar. As the siege began, Smith and his son-in-law Hendrick Arnold were absent from town, on a hunting trip. The Mexican army increased security in the town, and refused to allow Smith and Arnold to return to their homes within the city. An indignant Smith immediately joined the Texian Army. He wrote to Austin: "I told you yesterday that I would not take sides in this war but, Sir, I now tender you my services as the Mexicans acted rascally with me".^[1]

His intelligence gathering was important at the Battle of Concepcion. In October 1835, he discovered the mule train that brought on the Grass Fight and in December 1835 he guided troops into San Antonio in the Siege and Battle of Bexar where he was wounded atop the Veramendi House at the same time that Ben Milam was killed. After the evacuation of centralista troops from San Antonio in the latter engagement, he moved his family to Columbia, where he met General Sam Houston at Gonzalez after the signing of the Texan Declaration of Independence at Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas. Houston relied on Smith to determine the fate of the Alamo garrison. He met and escorted Mrs. Almeron Dickinson and party to report to General Houston in Gonzales regarding the horrible fate of the Alamo defenders.

In picture, Where Texian Army looks like, occuring in San Jacinto, CA

And some of people thought of him as dying from those wounded, Not true ! Here what tells you how he died,

Death

The Republic of Texas legislature in November 1836, had granted Smith "any house and lot in the city of Bexar, which may be confiscated for public use". Smith died in Richmond, Texas, at age of fifty, at the home of Randall Jones. He is buried in the Episcopal churchyard with a modest marker, "Deaf Smith, The Texas Spy, Died Nov. 30, 1837." His widow chose the old Granado homeplace at the southeast corner of Main Plaza and Commerce Street in San Antonio. Smith was also granted a sitio of land for his service to the Texas Republic. His widow returned to San Antonio, died there on May 1, 1849, and is interred at the Catholic Cemetery.

Here the Link I learned about which is not much information but much of aware he is out of the laws as likely cowboys and he is likely as Texas rangers, as he is deaf but not lead to where deaf culture he comes from but using communication he use is very special. I applicate him as he is just a human being. That is whole he is as Deaf Smith.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaf_Smith

With all the love,

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

About George Washington

2010-05-30T20:26:00.001-07:00

as the president, he was the first person as the president of Washington D.C, his life was from a Virginia Planter Family. He learned pretty much about morals, manners and body of the knowledge requisite (required or necessary for a particular purpose, position, etc) for an 18th Century Virginia Gentleman.

He as himself pursued two intertwined interests like military arts and western expansion. At 16 years old he helped the survey Shenandoah lands for Thomas, Lord Fairfax. Commissioned a Lieutenant colonel in 1754, he fought the first skirmishes of what grew into the french and indian war. That where it begin...

From the year of 1759 to the outbreak of the American Reolution what George Washington did, managed his land around Mount Vernon and served in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Married to widow, her name was Martha Dandridge Custis, he devoted himself to a busy and happy life. But likely his follow planters, Mr.Washington felt himself exploited by British Merchants and hampered by British regulation. As the quarrel with the mother country grew acute, he moderately but firmly voiced his resistance to the restricitions.

It is pretty long way he done in is pretty ugly but part he did is pretty much tough. As Mr. Washington did realized early that best strateg was to harass the British. He reported to Congress," We should on all Occasions avoid a general Action, or put anything to the Risque, unless compelled by a necessity, into which we ought never to be drawn." Ensuing battles saw him fall back slowly, then strike unexpectedly. Finally in 1781 with the aid of French allies - he forced the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.

Which he longed to retire his fields at Mount Vernon. Soon he relaized that the Nation under its Articles of Confederation was not functioning well, so he became a prime mover in the steps leading to the Constitutional Convention at Philadephila in 1787.

To his disappointment, two parties were developing by the end of his first term. Wearied of politics, feeling old, he retired at the end of his second. In his Farewell Address, he urged his countrymen to forswear excessive party spirit and geographical distinctions. In foreign affairs, he warned against long-term alliances.

Washington enjoyed less than three years of retirement at Mount Vernon, for he died of a throat infection December 14, 1799. For months the Nation mourned him.

Believe it or not, George Washington had his teeth as made out of wood when his teeth is rotten and had no choices but to eat with a wooden teeth and not haven't eat well as in his health caught up with throat infection. That is where it start with his life being president when He fought to surrdener for the people his follow of Planters and unluck with British but steps out of Washington. He've made a history because in the part he did cause a war with Indian and British that begin with. It is almost like a Civil War that comes with.

Thank you with the all love,

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/georgewashington

Tail Feathers (Indian Name)

2010-05-28T23:44:00.000-07:00

Tail Feathers, That Name Meaning Of ?

Why I picked out that name I seek from Indian where I collect the feathers and I love birds very much as I gathering the feathers and save them where it falls from the sky while birds flying, as I used to have them. Bird is worry-free and fly anywhere to see almost whole thing in the world. They has a wing to show a lot of meaning in their feathers.

Why Name Is So Important To You ?

Yes, It is really does because I feel bonding of the name, It is an Indian name, I picked it out myself. That where I come from and feel that I can fit where I want to be.

What kind Indian You Have In You ?

I actually am Cherokee but there is more, Blackfoot is in my families and also Poland is almost part of one of like mix with a oliver color skin but India between Poland is almost simply. Indian as Native American That where I come as Blackfoot and Cherokee, but Poland is not the counting in the Native. Which I felt so luck to be one because some reason I came here as survivor because in history, Indian ran harder to fit through whole illness like small poxes and occurring in Tears In The Trials. My some family came out and pass the general of the breeding tribes is very luck in rarely way. Not just only me. There is plenty of Indian as Native out there are luck too to be here.

You Calls Native American A Valuable Or Just Because They Are Your Family ?

Native American is most Cherish in my own vision not just a families. We are brothers and sisters not matter where we come from. Being family meaning a grow a same name but a tribes we are from or in any differences. We are brothers and sisters period. They and Us are all Cherish in the Native of the AMERICA.

How It Feel Like To Be An Indian As Native American ?

As I am Native American Nor a Indian, I am not a 100% pure but in my heart it sure is. As I feel it is very pure to be one. Which we are all human beings and colors we have is not show an enemies but people compare it is. I feel sorry for them as racist. I have nothing to worry because they have issues about colors. We are all friendly but we don't like disturbing in our families that we cares about. Or our protectors we use that people try to take from us. We are non stoppable to fight for our families to make sure we are SAFE. That how we are.

Do You Have To Live In Their Land Or Your Decision ?

No, I am not 100 % pure but in heart which I already talked about. I don't live on their land which if I want to which in law they require to see my equal of how high in my system of body how much left Native I have in me. Sometimes people don't bother about the mix of people who are not Indian enough which is hurtful for me in the way. I really love to be living in Indian Land because they are so wonderful and social with them. I haven't seen them yet which I really motive to comes round and be a family. In a way they can't tell me that I am not Indian , in my heart I am Native America and they can't tear my DNA apart to make it zero. I am really happy to have Blackfoot and Cherokee in my Ancestors.

With All My Love,

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

Buckaroo, a cowboy of the vaquero tradition

2010-05-28T15:11:00.000-07:00

A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the vaquero traditions of northern Mexico and became a figure of special significance and legend.^[1] A subtype, called a wrangler, specifically tends thehorses used to work cattle. In addition to ranch work, some cowboys work for or participate in rodeos. Cowgirls, first defined as such in the late 19th century, had a less-well documented historical role, but in the modern world have established the ability to work at virtually identical tasks and obtained considerable respect for their achievements.^[2] There are also cattle handlers in many other parts of the world, particularly South America and Australia, who perform work similar to the cowboy in their respective nations.

The cowboy has deep historic roots tracing back to Spain and the earliest settlers of the Americas. Over the centuries, differences in terrain, climate and the influence of cattle-handling traditions from multiple cultures created several distinct styles of equipment, clothing and animal handling. As the ever-practical cowboy adapted to the modern world, the cowboy's equipment and techniques also adapted to some degree, though many classic traditions are still preserved today.

That explains from Wikipedia, Which my families came from Poland meaning a cowboys/girls, But Pennsylvania where my families grew their cattle and wives of Indians breeding in my history really impressive when I learned what became who I am where I came from the generals of families line' .

You can look down in my blog and find about Ancestors of mine where I comes from and lead from that Tears of Trails that lead a mix line of my family as Indians, Poland, and United States wasn't exist until people brought it to be born to be an America.

The year when America born to be United States, Lets see-

The last issue of AMERICAN HERITAGE reported the publication in Europe of an ancient map giving evidence that the Western Hemisphere was discovered by Portuguese explorers before Columbus. This map, whose history and meaning are discussed in the following article, is here reproduced in color for the first time in the United States.

http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1955/3/1955_3_16.shtml

That where you can find what it lead you to be here to be born for a purposes.

With all the love,

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

A BRIEF HISTORY OF TOMBSTONE

2010-05-28T14:38:00.000-07:00

Tombstone that I find real interesting, which was found by year of 1877. Person name was Ed Schiefflin ( Prospector). Ed was staying at the camp which called Huachuca (Wa-chu-ka) Apaches. Last time He goes out in the wilderness. Looking for the rocks as he collects. All while ingoring the warnings he has been. He received from the soldiers at the camp. All they say," Ed, the only stone you will find out there will be your tombstone." Ed did find his stone, All he find was silver, as remembering the words of warning He got from the Soldiers, He named his first mine (The Tombstone.)

Learn more about Ed Scieffelin, Here the link
http://www.tombstonetimes.com/stories/ed.html

It didn't take long for the word to spread about Ed's silver strike. The sooner prospectors, cowboys, homesteaders, lawyers, speculators, gunmen and business people flocked to the area in the droves. Year of 1879 the town site was laid out on the nearest level spot to the mines, known as that time as Goose Flats, Was appropriately named (Tombstone) after Ed's first mining claim.

Year mid of the 1880's The tombstone population had increased round 7,500.

This figures counted total only the white male registered voters that were over 21 years old in the ages. If you take into the account the women, children, chinese, mexicans, and many varicous,"Ladies of the evening" the estimates are that population between 15,000 and 20,000 people.

At its peak, it say to have been the fastest growing city between St.Louis and San Francisco. There were over one hundred saloons, numerous, restaurants, large red-light district, an even large chinese population, schools, churches, newspapers, and one of the first public swimming pools in the state of Arizona. which is used as today.

There was a few theaters in the town. Most famous of them being schieffelin hall, and the bird cage theatre. Schieffelin Hall was where the " Respectable" people in the town went for entertainment. It opened in June of the year 1881. Was built for the people of Tombstone by ED Schieffelin's Brother AL. It was the largest standing adobe structure in the southwest United States and built to be used as a theater, recital hall and the meeting place for Tombstone Citizens. Wyatt and Morgan Earp attened a performance there the evening that fact Morgan was killed by an assassin's bullet. Still in the use today by city goverment and civic groups.

The picture of the Schieffelin Hall

The Bird Cage Theatre is another story . It was a saloon, theater, gambling hall, and brothel. Legend has it that no self-respecting woman in town would even walk on the same side of the street as the Bird Cage Theatre. It opened its doors on during Christmas Day in year of 1881 and ran for 24 hours a seven days a week, 365 days a year until closing it doors in 1889.

In 1882, The New York Times reported that The Bird Cage Theatre is the wildest, wickedest night spot between Basin Street and the Barbary Coast. Evidence of this can be seen in the 140, supposed bullet holes that have been found in the walls and in the ceilings. The Bird Cage was named for the cage style crib compartments suspended from the cieling. It was in these Bird Cage that the " Ladies Of The Evening" enetertained their customm ers. That goes to the story where it were the inspiration for the song, She's Only A Bird In A Gilded Cage" which was quite popluar during early year of 1900's.

The picture of the Bird Cage Theatre

There is pretty much story about Tombstone and characters of person how it started lead to Wyatte Earp.

Here a link more reading about this which I read and share with you. And some links about Tombstone's Cemeteries.

http://www.tombstonetimes.com/stories/tears.html

Most Famous event in Tombstone's history was the famed Gunfight that I seen each about as will talk about part of Wyatte Earp.

Enjoy and With a love,

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

P.S

That is where I learned from these surprising history I researched , It really amazing how it begin with TOMBSTONE part I share you a link I found about.

http://www.tombstoneweb.com/history.html

Pocahontas ( Powhatan & Jamestown History )

2010-05-26T19:37:00.000-07:00

Pocahontas ( Powhatan's tribe Daughter )

The name of tribe- In Virginia Powhatans ( Southern Renape paw'd'tan'falls in current' of water). A confederacy of Virginian Algongivan tribes.

Powhatan had nearly 200 villages, more than 100 which named by Captain John Smith on his map.

The Powhatan tribes was first visited by the earliest explorers from English.

Potomacks were associated with Powhatan but they already disobeyed him by selling corn to the English when Powhathan tried to starve the colony at Jamestown. No choice, Potomacks, Japasaws (tribes) established his independence from Powhatan through his act. The independence of the periphery tribes was demonstrated most cleared when the chief of the Potomacks, Japasaws chose to capture Pocahontas to the English Capitan in 1613.

The captain was Samuel Argall carried Pocahontas back to Jamestown. She was then assigned to Sir Thomas Dale's settlement at Henricus, on the south bank at the falls on the James River. A few years later the Indians were thinned by pestilence, and in 1618 Powhatan died and left the government to Opechancanough. The confederacy seems to have been of recent origin at the period of Powhatan's succession, as it then included but 7 of the so-called tribes besides his own, all the others having been conquered by himself during his lifetime.

Pocahontas married to John Rolfe. Not John Smith, Powhatan died and left to government to Opechancaough in 1618.

With all the love,

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/powhatan/powhatanhist.htm
http://www.virginiaplaces.org/nativeamerican/poca.html

Law Abiding Citizen

2010-05-26T17:47:00.000-07:00

Religion was separated from the administration of justice for the first time in human history.

In my theory, I see how can things be affect by just relgions that took abish from the administration of justice for the first in human history, there is more I find real interesting.
For the example, the parent who has the own religion that believes in the healing and justice cannot do about their child dying of disease and died with it which the people up against their opinions but justice let them go away from the first degree murder for not taking the child to the doctor. Because of their believers that justice can't against with the " religions " part is very intestacy.
http://www.aapl.org/newsletter/N242hist_justice.htm

Our western legal system evolved from the need to tame wild justice that was tearing apart early civilization.

In the America before England, Rome, Greek, Any other centuries moved in and take over the land from Native American, The America wasn't born and there was no law which called,"OUTLAW" in the own country. Every people their own belongs was different than Frances, Rome, Greeks, and 21st Centrist in year of B.C.s
In the East begin their own set up law brings to America and wild justice they had wasn't same in the present. It really interesting likely they put people who are sick that must be killed nor punish in the justice over just their face being insolence.
People went out crazy and making their law which has in the million years of history in the book. In western most people comes with their own theories, they believed of wild they tame to tear it to stop and changed the world after take the land by Brazilian.

witchcraft and by the 14^th century complete madness was a defense.

In long time ago, London, Frances' people whom gotten in illness moment of the disease they are affecting of thought they are spreading as revenge. People blame them for being witched and disease they taken in like stakes to burn them. Think they are crazy and misbehavior affect others that they set law to prevent them spread the centuries their illness is really tense!
People went madness , defense, undeniable themselves. There is lot about how changing where the begin they come with laws. People went into the court and trails like Witchcraft Trials and after they make the decision they could put them in isolate place like prison, cave, and such as last opinion they made is a death row for a disease is wrongful which their law abiding their clients of being not finding cure. People aren't in the technical finding it is a illness which can be cure but old times they don't have what we have today that already removed from the justice of the law because we are not in wild western anymore that justice believe. But for countries who peoples' living as hillbilly, cowboys-girls, any people in old fashioned still keep their old law in their propriety on their land rights.
http://www.localhistories.org/witchtrials.html

The circle completes, from Athens to Rome to London to Washington. But this leaves us approaching the year 2000, a somemere 5400 years from Johan Weyer, and 150 from Isaac Raystill, still emerging from the Dark Ages, technologically enlightened, but with justice just partially tamed.

I found really interesting, I thought they throw their dark ages in the history which newest law they made a change but seem they didn't meaning they kept some law that came from western from Athens to Rome then London to Washington DC. That leaves us a mark.
I see that Justice still tamed but peoples' of justice been first birth by using as democracy that was begin of B.C. Then finds the Republican come secondly.

as the link I will share with everyone about quotes justices came from, witchcraft meaning a false theories but a history about illness what people called it as witches. How affected it begin with starters like Democracy was the first it continued but Abraham Lincoln created republican that why we have two votes in America in our year as past and presents. From the year Abraham Lincoln ; he called on the states for 75,000 volunteers. Four more slave states joined the Confederacy but four remained within the Union. The Civil War had begun.

The American Civil War (1861–1865), also known as the War Between the States as well as several other names, was acivil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as "the Confederacy". Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states.
In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing administration of President James Buchanan and Lincoln's incoming administration rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/abrahamlincoln
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War

With all my love,

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

Civil and Political Rights

2010-05-26T00:23:00.000-07:00

are a class of rights and freedoms that protect individuals from unwarranted action by government and private organizations and individuals and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression.

Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples' physical integrity andsafety; protection from discrimination on grounds such as physical or mental disability, gender, religion, race, sexual orientation, national origin, age, and individual rights such as the freedoms of thought and conscience, speech and expression, religion, the press, and movement.

Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights ofparticipation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble, theright to petition, and the right to vote.

Civil and political rights comprise the first portion of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (witheconomic, social and cultural rights comprising the second portion). The theory of three generations of human rights considers this group of rights to be "first-generation rights", and the theory of negative and positive rights considers them to be generally negative rights.

The Link here, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights

(My words here) - Suppose if I want to set up my goal with rights we support our educations to give a opportunity and give them plenty of learning the stand of their rights like, considering about between Indians and Deaf communities to support their level of communications with hearing in the public.

They protect their cultures from being destroy, people take their rights that they are afraid of like people as audism whom want the deaf to be deaf-less. That is hardest part for people to understand their valuable part to live as deaf which they want to make choices.

Sign language they have rights to use for communicate using. They don't have any choices left to use any languages but divide to talk in any languages in cultures like any different countries, peoples' speak their own language. Same for deaf using their own sign language.

Some people desires to take the rights, we makes the judgement for the civil standards is biggest decisions. Like people whom are normally as human beings they forgot about deaf are just like us or same for hearing people. We have same organs inside and their histories they made from but people made their history in a separate ways which people made their choice to judge them.

That is hardest thing for some of us to understand their histories. Look the point of groups the histories each book have lot about deaf, Indians, presidential, politician, thousands in book and biblical , more and there is non stoppable making history in the present of a years. More of coming in future and past is done made. We can't change them what they made in their facts which in american some of them fight to remove their civil rights. That is what we are afraid of is top leader comes to goal to remove our freedom in the future would be anti-Christ.

I tries my best to explain more which I am not good at this politics practically I am working researching to become a better writer in some essay. Someday probably best writer I might became.

Look at Helen Keller, she made a best journal arts herself as deaf and blind she went through her childhood and first person in late age learning of hand spelling in communication with her own partner teacher. She successes and no one stop in her shoe. I could do the same of mine goal which I notice any people tries to stop the dream of another people expect to get there to grab their success.

That what I am saying, this is not a talk but true form of myself to stand up and work my life what becoming who I am in future what I make my choices and no way to change who I am if anyone stop me. I break their wall to keep going and turn my own pages and God has plan for me and keep writing until I die that is my result of life with the book that God has on his hand. Same for everyone God has million books for everyone life as for the purpose of life as farewell.

Here a picture of Helen Keller a true form she going through her life without stopping. I applause her for what she done for herself not doing for another but for her dreams .

With all the loves.

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

History Of My Ancestor

2010-05-25T23:10:00.000-07:00

-Blackfoot Tribe-

Around 1500's to 1600's AD, the blackfoot keep going to

live in same path where they lived before year of 1500's.

Their lifes of those tribe, people changed lot in 1730's

AD pretty much. They recevied a horses from another North

American Tribes. Once they got the horses that way they

can process of hunting some buffalo and food more easiler

for them than farming or gathering. They do have weapons

kind like guns in trade like same times. Sooner like the

cree, the blackfoot abandoned their land near the Great

Lakes and took the trip from west to the Great Plains

reasoning to hunt buffalo full-time.

Here the link more informations about Blackfoot that

where my acestory came from.

http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/northamerica/after150

0/history/blackfoot.htm

-Cherokee Tribe- The Trail Of Tears-

Between around year of 1790 and 1830 the poplation of the

state of Georgia increased six-fold. The westren push of

the people (settlers) created a problem. Whom came from

Georgia State keep going to take Native American Lands

and force Indians which are from Cherokee Tribe to leave

their homes. By 1825 the lower creek had been completely

removed them from the state under provisions of the

treaty of indian springs. By 1827 the year the creek were

gone.

More informations on the link that where my acestory came

from .

http://ngeorgia.com/history/nghisttt.html

-Polish Cultures-

The style and personality of polish life as been in

shaped over a thousand years. The national culture was

born of the influences of the latin and the byzantine

worlds, and welcomed foreign artists and been eager to

follow their happening in other countries. In these

between 19th and 20th centuries Poles' concetration on

cultural develops often took the place of political and

the economic activity. These factors contributed to the

versatile characters of polish art, with all of its

complex nuances.

Polish towns reflect the whole spectrum of European

styles. Poland's eastern frontiers marked the boundary of

the influences of Western architecture on the continent.

History has not been kind to Poland's architectural

monuments. However, a number of ancient edifices have

survived: castles, churches and palaces, sometimes unique

in the regional or European context. Some of them have

been laboriously restored (the Royal Castle in Cracow),

or completely reconstructed having been totally ruined in

the last war (the Old Town and Royal Castle in Warsaw,

the Old Town in Gdansk and Wroclaw).

That parapragh from the link I want share you with. That

where my acestory came from. Which are very interesting

and how bloodline I became who I am but not pieces of

their works but where my family come from and forms me as

a person from three different lines of groups that makes

me look very unique as person I am.

The link I would like share with you and picture what

polish and their culture and life with being polish is

like.

http://www.masterpage.com.pl/culture/

Those what my ancestors I came from which I am the Blackfoot, Cherokee, and Polish in my families history. Those are really very interesting where I find the line of ancestor about my own families where the histories came from toward to my personal that attach becoming who I am as person and I am happy what I made from the unique creator is God.

With all the love,

Edith Rose Mia Bortz

Cochlear Implant and Deaf Issues

2010-05-24T18:16:00.000-07:00

Hello everyone, outside is really cloudy and pouring a little of some raindrops. Really casual as everyday down in West-side. I been thinking lot about having cochlear Implant putting in behind my ear and able to hear . I was born very sick with kind of uncommon deadly disease are called Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and doctor told my mother that I am capable of losing my hearing. When I grow into an child and my hear became loss prossgreive. We found the reason because of the damaged cells in the hair nerves that sent signals to brain which sounds sent through the brain and don't get the repond that how it makes a deafness as hearing loss.

I really don't understand why people against those because of risk, implanting of losing life. I do understand how deaf cherish their community as deaf and using sign language. For the implanting quotes what people thinks cochlear implant has different thousand reason like , a person using it for not want to be part of deaf commuity nor another like commuicate needs , there is more of reasonsable they wear cochlear implants.

For my reason I want to tell you why I am getting it because of communicate and I am not losing the proud of using the sign language which my husband is deaf and completely understood what the full opportunity is about. I can use speech almost not 100% but I can said round 75 % that I improve since 18 months old I went to school and use a very old hearing aids with the unit belt on my body. I been wearing it for many years until seven years old I was punished by the teacher not listening my name was calling and sent me to audiology clinic and found my hearing got worse at seven years old. That is way found because of the damaged hair nerves that I explained recently the paragraph I talked about how I lost my hearing.

I noticed lot of hate crimes about in american is very highest between deaf community against the cochlear implant meaning they have their own reason but they has civil rights too. But the point is for human like us wanting it is fine but with forcedly without permission is abusing the civil rights.

This story I am trying to show or share with you everybody what is reality about in the world is reckless meaning we cant control unless law approves for example A.G Bell that could fight against our rights we have our own the hope we asked for. Because Something in the point of people gets wrong idea about deaf's behavior like against without making a point discuss is unhealthy for deaf community.

I chose to be in the general open discuss and not in closed society solutions because I have lips and hands to use the language and I am proud of it who I am. If anyone has the issue with me of any kind random. That is fine because they don't know what I surely see in my own previews. The consequences they makes any words like hate crimes or any making of this kind judgement against what I wanting for myself. No one stopping me from taking the pages to turn and keep going on and on.

Thank you,
Edith Rose Mia Bortz

Hello Bloggers

2010-05-24T02:17:00.000-07:00

My name is Edith Rose Mia, this is my newest blog that I can share with you about any issues. But right now I have blank in my mind since I having a bad allergic from the cats for several days. But sooner I will put up a post about issues real soon practicing a essay at start myself then when I found my pontifical then you will have motive to read my article about the issues. Thank you very much for the patient. With the love !

Edith Rose Mia Bortz